Adam Frank suggests that we can gain a new, more fruitful perspective on science and religion by looking back at how our early ancestors responded to their experiences:

The beautiful paintings of bull, bison, and bear in the caves of Lascaux and Altamira give silent testimony to the simple fact that we have been awake and watching what the world evokes in us for a long, long time. It is impossible to know if these cave paintings had explicit religious orientations, but it is difficult to view them and not sense their engagement with a sacredness, a deeply felt interior response to the world. These cave paintings and other early art speak to the role of Mythos—the internalized, symbolic reaction to the world which we still carry with us today.
At the same time, the finely crafted harpoons, needles, and hand axes found at paleolithic sites around the world speak to the other domain of human being, the external observation and manipulation of the world. In these tools and in bone fragments engraved with the cycles of lunar phases or carved with elemental counting schemes there is ample evidence that Logos—analytic, technical thinking—had already been awakened in our ancestors.
The remarkable findings of modern archeology afford us a perspective on our own origins that we would be foolish to ignore in thinking about science and religion. Rather than simply arguing over which specific form of modern religion best fits (or doesn’t fit at all) the latest scientific results, can we step back and ask broader questions that reach the common roots of our humanity?